Anatase colloidal solution for printing CIGS Silicon ITO free electrode Atomic force microscopy ADSORPTION Organic solar cell 31P NMR Back contact Alternative buffers Aniline and thiophene derivatives Arzel Sodium Bond valence excess A Fullerenes Reverse bias Ftouhi M Tandem solar cells L ALPHA-AMYLASE Aluminum phthalocyanine chloride Alkali Photovoltaics Band alignment Absorption B Vapour deposition Nanoparticles Electrical properties Solar cell Absorption spectroscopy Partial shading Organic solar cells Aluminum-doped zinc oxide Electropolymerization Band-gap Anatase Anode E171 Molybdenum trioxide PVD Ambipolar material Alpha-sexithiophene Buffer layers Photoemission spectroscopy Photoluminescence CuIn Copper indium gallium selenide Characterization Anode buffer layer Active layers Thin films Band diagram 34-propylenedioxypiyrrole Ambipolar organic layer Alternative module structure Planar heterojunctions Thin film Lamkaouane Fill factor Epitaxy Aqueous colloidal solution 4-ethylenedioxypyrrole J-C Buffer layer BaTiO3 BTO Aminofluorene thiophene derivatives Addou Solar cells N-doping 4-propylenedioxythiophene Actinide conditioning Cattin Interfaces A Thin films TIO2 ATR-FTIR Adsorption ABSORPTION Thin-film solar cells Titanium dioxide CIGSe A XPS Alkali fluoride postdeposition treatments 2D nanomaterials Bernède Band gap gradient Planar heterojunction Raman A Interfaces Organic photovoltaic cells GaSe2 ADDITIVE E171 X-ray diffraction 4-ethylenedioxythiophene Molybdenum oxide H Surface morphology